Traditional photography relies on laws of physics: sensor size and lens aperture. However, that era is over. We are entering the era of Computational Photography.
Scientific Study: Image Stacking & Semantic Segmentation
According to IEEE Signal Processing journals, modern cameras don't take a single image. They capture 9-15 frames in milliseconds and merge them (Image Stacking) to reduce noise and increase dynamic range impossible for physical optics alone.
AI ISP (Image Signal Processor)
Modern chipsets perform Semantic Segmentation in realtime: separating sky, faces, and hair pixel-by-pixel, then applying different color grading to each. Future photographers are those who understand algorithms, not just ISO and Shutter Speed.